Global Epidemic of Ebola Virus Disease and the Importation Risk into China: An Assessment Based on the Risk Matrix Method / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the global epidemic status of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) and assess the importation risk into China.@*METHODS@#Data from World Health Organization reports were used. We described the global epidemic status of EVD from 1976-2021, and assessed and ranked the importation risk of EVD from the disease-outbreaking countries into China using the risk matrix and Borda count methods, respectively.@*RESULTS@#From 1976-2021, EVD mainly occurred in western and central Africa, with the highest cumulative number of cases (14,124 cases) in Sierra Leone, and the highest cumulative fatality rate (85%) in the Congo. Outbreaks of EVD have occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Guinea since 2018. The importation risk into China varies across countries with outbreaks of disease. The Democratic Republic of the Congo had an extremely high risk (23 Borda points), followed by Guinea and Liberia. Countries with a moderate importation risk were Nigeria, Uganda, Congo, Sierra Leone, Mali, and Gabon, while countries with a low importation risk included Sudan, Senegal, and Co

Research progress in mechanism of Chinese herbal compounds and monomers in delaying lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of degenerative bone and joint diseases, and its widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, many scholars have conducted a large number of basic studies on the delay of intervertebral disc degeneration by herbal compound and monomeric components from different perspectives. In order to further elucidate its mechanism of action, this paper summarizes the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies conducted at the level of both herbal compound and single components, respectively, in order to provide references for the basic research on the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration by Chinese medicine. A summary shows that commonly used herbal compound prescriptions include both classical prescriptions such as Duhuo Jisheng Decoction, as well as clinical experience prescriptions such as Yiqi Huoxue Recipe. Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, and Eucommiae Cortex were used most frequently. Tonic for deficiency and blood stasis activators were used most frequently. The most utilized monomeric components include icariin, ginsenoside Re, salvianolic acid B and aucubin. The main molecular mechanisms by which herbal compound and monomeric components delay of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration include improving the intervertebral disc microenvironment, promoting the synthesis of aggregated proteoglycans and type Ⅱ collagen in the intervertebral disc, reducing the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and inhibiting apoptosis in the nucleus pulposus cells, etc. The main signaling pathways involved include Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, MAPK-related signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Fas/FasL signaling pathway, PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and hedgehog signaling pathway, etc.

Influence of electroacupuncture on the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in the spinal injured area of the rats with acute spinal cord injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in the rats with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the potential effect mechanism of EA in treatment of acute SCI.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. a sham-operation group, a model group, an AMPA antagonist (DNQX) group, an EA group and a DNQX+EA group, 16 rats in each group. The modified Allen's impacting method was adopted to prepare the rat model of acute SCI at T@*RESULTS@#Compared to the sham-operation group in 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after modeling, the BBB scores were all significantly decreased in the model group (@*CONCLUSION@#The intervention with EA at "Dazhui" and "Mingmen" promotes the repair of the injured nerve in the spinal anterior horn probably through inhibiting GluR1 expression in the spinal injured area in the rats with acute SCI.

Research progress on the balance regulation of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell / 解剖学报

Osteoporosis (OP), a systemic bone metabolism disease, mainly manifested in the decrease of bone mass, the increase of bone fragility and the microstructure degeneration of the bone. Along with the in-depth research of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the imbalance differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) (Osteogenic differentiation decrease and adipogenic differentiation increase) is the main reason that causes osteoporosis. In this paper, we summarize the signal pathways of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Better understand these signal pathways is conducive to elucidate and treat osteoporosis.

Construction of fresh cervical vertebral artery determination model: influence of variant positions on vertebral artery flow / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: As a reliable biomechanical model, human fresh isolated cervical specimens provide the basis for studying the pathogenesis of cervical vertigo from the perspective of blood flow of vertebral artery.There is a lack of an in vitro cervical model that can simulate the physiological state of the cervical vertebrae and achieve complex posture, as well as can measure the blood flow of vertebral artery. OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of variant position of human fresh isolated cervical vertebrae on the blood flow of vertebral artery in vitro through constructing the fresh specimen of cervical vertebral artery determination model. METHODS: Six human fresh isolated cervical specimens were selected for constructing the vertebral artery determination model. The pressure of human vertebra artery was simulated by pressure pump. The change of normal saline height was measured by digital motion capture system dynamically under different positions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eight vertebral arteries in the six models were in good condition. (2) The vertebral artery flow under neutral position was significantly richer than that under contralateral rotation-anteflexion and ipsilateral/contralateral rotation-postexion (P <0.05). (3) The vertebral artery flow under contralateral rotation-anteflexion and rotation-postexion was significantly poorer than that under natural position, ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral rotation-anteflexion (P < 0.05). (4) In summary, the cervical vertebral artery determination model is constructed successfully that can simulate the influence of the position on vertebral artery flow. Additionally, different positions of rotation make a different effect on vertebral artery flow.

Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration: economy, feasibility, reliability and controllability / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Animal models are critical to study the mechanism, prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Therefore, constructing an ideal animal model of IDD is the key to further study IDD. OBJECTIVE: To review the selection and construction methods of the IDD model, so as to select and construct an ideal animal model of IDD. METHODS: A retrieval of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed and PubMed databases was performed for the articles published before December 2016. The keywords were "intervertebral disc degeneration, animal model" in English and Chinese, respectively. All the articles were selected from the authoritative magazines, and finally 56 eligible articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of animals used for constructing the IDD model, including small and large animals. The former has a small volume of intervertebral disc that is beneficial for nutrient and metabolite transport,so it can be used for long-term in vitro culture.The latter has a large volume of intervertebral disc,which is appropriate for biomechanical study.The animal models of IDD include in vivo and in vitro models:the in vivo models include the changed biomechanics,destroyed physical structure,spontaneous and systemic disease models;the in vitro models include in vitro cellular and organ models.However,there is still a lack of an ideal animal model that can fully simulate human IDD. Noticeably, similarity, comparability, economy, feasibility, reliability and controllability should be considered.

Effect of serum of Bushen Huoxue prescription on rabbit with intervertebral disc motion segments in vitro culture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare effect of serum of Bushen Huoxue prescription on rabbit with intervertebral disc motion segments in vitro culture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits aged from 4 to 6 months and weighted from 2.5 to 3 kg were divided into medicated group and control group, 7 in each group. Rabbits were excuted under condition of asepsis, 28 spinal motion segments were taken out in each group, and segments were loaded in spinal motion segments in vitro and cultured in culture apparatus. Nutrient solution of medicated group contain 10% serum of Bushen Huoxue prescription, and 10% blank serum in control group. Seven discs between two groups were taken out and observed by histomorphology, proteoglycan PAS/AB stining, collagen II immunohistochemical staining, AGG, Col2aI by PCR test before culture and on the 3th, 7th and 14th day after culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histomorphology results showed the formation of medicated group was better than that of control group at 1 week after culture. PAB/AB test results showed content of poteoglycan between two groups were decreased. Imunohistochemical results showed content of collagen II in medicated group were obviously increased than that of control group at 3 days, but decreased obviously at 1 week than that of control group. PCR results showed expression of Agg in medicated group was obviously decreased than that of control group, but no statistical significance between two groups on the 7 th and 14 th day. Expression of Col2aI between two groups at 3 days were increased, and medicated group increased obviously more, while there were no significant difference between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum of Bushen Huoxue prescription could delay intervertebral disc degeneration at short time for it is relate with improving circulation, inhibiting inflammatory, regulating extracellular matrix, so the prescription plays an important role in early prevention and treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration.</p>

Vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy with two types of bandage contact lenses: clinical results and protection of corneal epithelium / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To observe the effect of two kinds of bandage contact lenses on epithelial erosions and corneal thickness after vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) .· METHODS: In this prospective, nonrandomized, comparative clinical study, 69 eyes of 69 patients with PDR were divided into two groups. They underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Group A, 36 eyes of 36 cases, the bandage contact lens with diameter of 13. 8mm were covered on corneal surface during surgery under noncontact wide-angle viewing systems. Group B, 33 eyes of 33 cases, the bandage contact lens with diameter of 14. 0mm were covered on corneal surface during the same surgery. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, corneal fluorescein sodium staining, count of corneal endothelium cells, measure of corneal thickness before and after operation were assessed.·RESULTS: Pre-operation, corneal fluorescein sodium staining positive rate was 42% in Group A and 42% in Group B (x2=0. 004, P=0. 949). At 1d after surgery, the positive rate of was 47% in Group A and 45% in Group B (x2=0. 022, P=0. 883). At 2d after surgery, the positive rate of was 44% in Group A and 45% in Group B ( x2 =0. 007, P=0. 933). At 3d after surgery, the positive rate of was 44% in Group A and 42% in Group B (x2=0. 029, P=0. 886). At 7d after surgery, the positive rate of was 42%in Group A and 39% in Group B (x2=0. 037, P=0. 848). Count of corneal endothelium cells showed no significant difference between Group A and Group B(P>0. 05). Count of corneal endothelium cells of Group A before surgery and at 7d after surgery were 2779. 25 ± 329. 55 /mm2 , 2777. 14±331. 17 /mm2, without significant difference (t=0. 551, P=0. 585);those of Group B were 2678. 61±335. 64/mm2 , 2672. 45 ± 336. 25 /mm2 , without significant difference(t = 1. 774, P = 0. 086). Measure of corneal thickness was 519. 25±23. 42μm before surgery and 542. 03± 25.94μm after surgery in Group A (t=-6.854, P<0.001). Measure of corneal thickness was 525. 64 ± 20. 97μm before surgery and 551. 33±27. 87μm after surgery in Group B (t=-7. 204, P<0. 001).·CONCLUSION:Two kinds of bandage contact lenses are used in vitreoretinal surgery in diabetic patients. The corneal epithelial integrity shows no difference before and after surgery. Both the bandage contact lens could protect the corneal epithelium and maintain good corneal transparency during vitreoretinal surgery.

Effect of Static Load on the Nucleus Pulposus of Rabbit Intervertebral Disc Motion Segment in Ex vivo Organ Culture / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The development of mechanically active culture systems helps increase the understanding of the role of mechanical stress in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Motion segment cultures allow for preservation of the native IVD structure, and adjacent vertebral bodies facilitate the application and control of mechanical loads. The purpose of this study was to establish loading and organ culture methods for rabbit IVD motion segments to study the effect of static load on the whole disc organ.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IVD motion segments were harvested from rabbit lumbar spines and cultured in no-loading 6-well plates (control conditions) or custom-made apparatuses under a constant, compressive load (3 kg, 0.5 MPa) for up to 14 days. Tissue integrity, matrix synthesis, and the matrix gene expression profile were assessed after 3, 7, and 14 days of culturing and compared with those of fresh tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that ex vivo culturing of motion segments preserved tissue integrity under no-loading conditions for 14 days whereas the static load gradually destroyed the morphology after 3 days. Proteoglycan contents were decreased under both conditions, with a more obvious decrease under static load, and proteoglycan gene expression was also downregulated. However, under static load, immunohistochemical staining intensity and collagen Type II alpha 1 (COL2A1) gene expression were significantly enhanced (61.54 ± 5.91, P = 0.035) and upregulated (1.195 ± 0.040, P = 0.000), respectively, compared with those in the controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, under constant compression, these trends were reversed. Our initial results indicated that short-term static load stimulated the synthesis of collagen Type II alpha 1; however, sustained constant compression led to progressive degeneration and specifically to a decreased proteoglycan content.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A loading and organ culture system for ex vivo rabbit IVD motion segments was developed. Using this system, we were able to study the effects of mechanical stimulation on the biology of IVDs, as well as the pathomechanics of IVD degeneration.</p>

Changes of nucleus pulposus after in vitro culture of rabbit whole intervertebral disc and spinal motion segment / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the changes of nucleus pulposus after in vitro culture of rabbit whole intervertebral disc and spinal motion segment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits which were randomly divided into organ group with 8 rabbits and segment group with 13 rabbits. Fifty intervertebral discs and 50 spinal motion segments were harvested respectively under aseptic conditions from two groups. These specimens were maintained in organ culture with hyperosmotic media (410 mOsm/kg), then 10 discs of the two groups were observed respectively by HE staining, immunohistochemistry of collagen type III, proteoglycan content and cells viability of nucleus pulposus before culture and at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HE staining showed the intervertebral disc tissue structure remained intact after culture of 21 days organ group and 14 days segment group,but there was severely degenerated of 21 days segment group. The intensity value of type II collagen immunohistochemical staining in the nucleus pulposus were not changed significantly between 21 days organ group and 14 days segment group (P > 0.05), but the staining of segment group at 21 days became shallower, there was significant difference compared with before each time points and organ group at 21 days (P < 0.05). PAS/AB staining of proteoglycan of nucleus pulposus showed that there were not decrease of tinting strength of two groups within 7 days, but the strength weakened slightly of two groups at 14 days, and the tinting strength became weaker at 21 days segment group, the change is more obvious than the organ group. The intensity value of fluorescence staining of nucleus pulposus cells was not changed significantly within 7 days of two groups (P > 0.05), the intensity value decreased slightly at 21 days organ group and 14 days segment group, but there were no significant difference compared with before time points (P > 0.05) however at 21 days segment group the intensity decreased as cells viability of nucleus pulposus decreased,and there was a significant difference compared with before each time points and organ group at 21 days (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is not obviously degenerated of the discs of organ group cultured within 21 days and segment group cultured within 14 days, but there was significant degeneration of the intervertebral disc of segment group after cultured 21 days, so the rabbit spinal motion segment can be used on research about the biomechanics of intervertebral disc as a vitro experimental model within 14 days.</p>

Combination treatment with Gua Sha and Blood-letting causes attenuation of systemic inflammation, activated coagulation, tissue ischemia and injury during heatstroke in rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Gua Sha and Blood-letting at the acupoints were Chinese traditional therapies for heatstroke. The purpose of present study was to assess the therapeutic effect of Gua Sha on the DU Meridian and Bladder Meridian combined with Blood-letting acupoints at Shixuan (EX-UE 11) and Weizhong (BL 40) on heatstroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anesthetized rats, immediately after the onset of heatstroke, were divided into four major groups: Gua Sha group, Blood-letting group, Gua Sha combined with Blood-letting group and model group. They were exposed to ambient temperature of 43 °C to induce heatstroke. Another group of rats were exposed to room temperature (26 °C) and used as normal control group. Their survival times were measured. In addition, their physiological and biochemical parameters were continuously monitored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When rats underwent heatstroke, their survival time values were found to be 21-25 min. Treatment of Gua Sha combined with Bloodletting greatly improved the survival time (230±22 min) during heatstroke. All heatstoke animals displayed and activated coagulation evidenced by increased prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, and decreased platelet count, protein C. Furthermore, the animals displayed systemic inflammation evidenced by increased the serum levels of cytokines interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Biochemical markers evidenced by cellular ischemia and injury/dysfunction included increased plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were all elevated during heatstroke. Core temperatures (Tco) were also increased during heatstroke. In contrast, the values of mean arterial pressure were signifificantly lower during heatstroke. These heatstroke reactions were all signifificantly suppressed by treatment of Gua Sha and Blood-letting, especially the combination therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gua Sha combined with Blood-letting after heatstroke may improve survival by ameliorating systemic inflflammation, hypercoagulable state, and tissue ischemia and injury in multiple organs.</p>

Study on the Quality Standard of Liyan Mixture / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Liyan mixture. METHODS:TLC was conducted to identify the Scrophularia ningpoensis,Terminalia chebula and Glycyrrhiza uralensis;HPLC was conducted to determine the content of chloro-genic acid. The column was Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid (18:82,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 327 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. RE-SULTS:TLC showed S. ningpoensis,T. chebula and G. uralensis had clear spots and good separation. There was no interference for negative control. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 0.16-1.6 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were lower than 1.0%,recovery was 96.9%-101.4%(RSD=1.17%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Liyan mixture.

Effect of electroacupuncture on the pathomorphology of the sciatic nerve and the sensitization of P2X₃ receptors in the dorsal root ganglion in rats with chronic constrictive injury / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the pathomorphology of the sciatic nerve and the role of P2X3 receptors in EA analgesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was adopted in this study. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham CCI, CCI, CCI plus contralateral EA (CCI + conEA) and CCI plus ipsilateral EA (CCI + ipsEA). Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured. EA began at day 7 after the CCI operation and was applied to the Zusanli (ST 36) and Yanglingquan acupoints (GB 34). At day 14, the pathomorphologic changes of the operated sciatic nerve were demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from rats were examined by electrophysiological recording to determine if the P2X3 receptor agonists, adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium (ATP) and α,β-methylen-ATP (α,β-meATP) evoked inward currents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pain thresholds in the CCI group were obviously decreased post CCI surgery (P<0.01). In the EA groups, thermal and mechanical threshold values were increased after the last EA treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in light microscopic examination among the four groups (P>0.05). Current amplitude after application of ATP and α,β-meATP in DRG neurons were much larger in the CCI group compared to those obtained in sham CCI (P<0.05). ATP and α, β-meATP invoked amplitudes in the CCI + EA groups were reduced. There was no signififi cant difference between the CCI + conEA group and the CCI + ipsEA group (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA analgesia may be mediated by decreasing the response of P2X3 receptors to the agonists ATP and α,β-meATP in the DRG of rats with CCI. No pathological changes of the sciatic nerve of rats were observed after EA treatment.</p>

Chromatographic fingerprint of Dipsacus asper and analysis by HPLC-MS / 中国中药杂志

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for fingerprint of Dipsacus asper. Analysis were carried out on a Zorbax C-18 column by gradient elution using 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The column was maintained at 25 degrees C, the flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 205 nm. Asperosaponin VI was selected as reference compound, Seventeen common peaks were selected, and the fingerprint with good precision, stability and repeatability was successfully used to evaluate quality of 24 batches of crude extracts of D. asper. Chemical characteristics of D. asper was analyzed by DAD detection and HPLC-MS techniques with an ESI source. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds in both negative and positive modes were observed for molecule mass information of 33 compounds, and the potential structures of 10 characteristic components were identified by study on the mass spectra of compounds and comparing with reference data and some of standards. The results indicate the HPLC fingerprint of D. asper will show more characters through identification of component structures using an HPLC-ESI-MS method, and will control the quality of D. asper more effectively and reasonable.

Preparation of sustained release microspheres containing extracts from Caulis sinomenii with polylactic acid and their release property in vitro / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare polylactic acid microspheres containing total alkaloid extracts of Caulis sinomenii and study their release characteristics in vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Polylactic acid microspheres containing total alkaloid extracts of C. sinomenii were prepared by O/W emulsification solvent-evaporation process. The microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and particle size distribution. The effect of different conditions on release property of microspheres was studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The formed microspheres were spherical with smooth surfaces. The encapsulation efficiency and rate of drug loading were (83.4 +/- 5.63)% and (8.7-0.35)%, respectively. The distribution of particle size was uniform and the average size was (21.5 +/- 1.22) microm. In vitro release study revealed that the 32-hour accumulative release percentage reached 80%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polylactic acid microspheres containing total alkaloid extracts of C. sinomenii were prepared successfully. Microspheres with good sustained-release characteristics can be produced by controlling different process parameters.</p>

Effects of acupuncture on different acupoints in combination with rehabilitation on hemiplegic muscle spasticity in hemiplegia patients / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of hemiplegic muscle spasticity treated with acupuncture on different acupoints in combination with rehabilitation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety cases of post-stroke muscle spasticity were randomized into a corresponding and central axis acupuncture group (group A), a conventional acupuncture group (group B) and a rehabilitation group (group C), 30 cases in each one. In group A, the acupoints on the Governor Vessel were mainly selected, as well as those on Hand-Shaoyang meridian and Foot-Taiyang meridian. In group B, the conventional needling and rehabilitation training were applied in combination, of which, the acupoints were mainly from Hand and Foot-Yangming meridians, associated with the acupoints of Shaoyang meridian. In group C, only rehabilitation training was applied. The assessments according to modified Ashworth scale and CSS score were performed before treatment, after 2 weeks and 4 weeks treatment respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of modified Ashworth scale of the flexor of elbow and wrist was reduced apparently after treatment in group A as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01). The level of modified Ashworth scale of the flexor of elbow was reduced apparently after treatment in group C as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). There was significant difference on the level change in modified Ashworth scale for the flexor of elbow between group A and group C after 4 weeks treatment (P < 0.05). CSS score decreased significantly in group A as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01), the improvement after treatment in group A was apparent as compared with the other two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The corresponding and central axis acupuncture can improve muscle tone of hemiplegic limb, which is superior to the effect achieved by the conventional acupuncture in combination with rehabilitation training and the simple rehabilitation training.</p>

Utilization of ?-Red Recombination System and Balanced Lethal System to Reconstruct the Plasmid with Antibiotic Resistant Gene Using in Live Vaccine / 微生物学通报

Recombination plasmid pMM085 possessed both immunogens heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and fimbriae antigen K88 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Althouth vaccine strain MM-3 carrying pMM085 had good effect to protect piglets against diarrhea due to ETEC infections,it was not ideal live vaccine for pMM085 bringing chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat). To solve the problem,the host-plasmid balanced lethal system was introduced which including the replacement of cat gene by asd gene and transformation the new plasmid to the strain X6097 which asd gene was knocked out in its chromosome. Considering pMM085 was a big plasmid (23kb) and traditional genetic manipulations was not easy to carry on,?-Red recombination system was adopt in this work to realize the replacement of cat gene by asd gene. The results indicated that ?-Red recombination system was convenient and efficient to reconstruct big plasmid.